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Late Holocene Rupture of the Northern San Andreas Fault and Possible Stress Linkage to the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 Ocean Admin. Bldg., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 gold{at}coas.oregonstatet.edu

Kelly Grijalva and Roland Bürgmann

Department of Earth and Planetary Science, 307 McCone Hall, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-4767 burgmann{at}seismo.berkeley.edu

Ann E. Morey

Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 Ocean Admin. Bldg., Corvallis, Oregon 97331

Joel E. Johnson

University of New Hampshire, Department of Earth Sciences, 56 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3589 joel.johnson{at}unh.edu

C. Hans Nelson and Julia Gutiérrez-Pastor

Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), CSIC-Univ. de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, s/n 18002 Granada, Spain odp{at}ugr.es

Andrew Ericsson^*

Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 Ocean Admin. Bldg., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 dreweriksson{at}yahoo.com

Eugene Karabanov

Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1A Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664003, 22 Russia 29208 lenadelta2002{at}yahoo.com

Jason D. Chaytor and Jason Patton

Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 Ocean Admin. Bldg., Corvallis, Oregon 97331 jchaytor{at}whoi.edu

Eulàlia Gràcia

Centre Mediterrani d'Investigacions Marines i Ambientals Unitat de Tecnologia Marina (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain egracia{at}cmima.csic.es

^* Present address: Continental Energy Corporation, Indonesia, Jl. Kenanga #62, Cilandak Jakarta, 12560, Indonesia.

Present address: Chevron Energy Technology Company, Earth Science Technology Department, 1500 Louisiana St., Houston, Texas 77002.

Present address: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#24, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543.

Online Material: Relative timing of NSAF and Cascadia events and estimated Cascadia slip models.

We relate the late Holocene northern San Andreas fault (NSAF) paleoseismic history developed using marine sediment cores along the northern California continental margin to a similar dataset of cores collected along the Cascadia margin, including channels from Barclay Canyon off Vancouver Island to just north of Monterey Bay. Stratigraphic correlation and evidence of synchronous triggering imply earthquake origin, and both temporal records are compatible with onshore paleoseismic data. In order to make comparisons between the temporal earthquake records from the NSAF and Cascadia, we refine correlations of southern Cascadia great earthquakes, including the land paleoseismic record.

Along the NSAF during the last 2800 yr, 15 turbidites, including one likely from the great 1906 earthquake, establish an average repeat time of 200 yr, similar to the onshore value of 240 yr. The combined land and marine paleoseismic record from the southern Cascadia subduction zone includes a similar number of events during the same period. While the average recurrence interval for full-margin Cascadia events is 520 yr, the southern Cascadia margin has a repeat time of 220 yr, similar to that of the NSAF. Thirteen of the 15 NSAF events were preceded by Cascadia events by 0–80 yr, averaging 25–45 yr (as compared to 80–400 yr by which Cascadia events follow the NSAF).

Based on the temporal association, we model the coseismic and cumulative postseismic deformation from great Cascadia megathrust events and compute related stress changes along the NSAF in order to test the possibility that Cascadia earthquakes triggered the penultimate, and perhaps other, NSAF events. The Coulomb failure stress (CFS) resulting from viscous deformation related to a Cascadia earthquake over 60 yr does not contribute significantly to the total CFS on the NSAF. However, the coseismic deformation increases CFS on the northern San Andreas fault (NSAF) by up to about 9 bars offshore of Point Delgada, most likely enough to trigger that fault to fail in north-to-south propagating ruptures.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. T. Aagaard and G. C. Beroza The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake a Century Later: Introduction to the Special Section Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2008; 98(2): 817 - 822. [Full Text] [PDF]