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1 Department of Earth
Sciences
Carleton University
Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6,
Canada
gmatkinson{at}aol.com
(G.M.A.)
2 U.S. Geological Survey
345
Middlefield Rd.
Menlo Park, California
94025
boore{at}usgs.gov
(D.M.B.)
New earthquake ground-motion relations for hard-rock and soil sites in
eastern North America (ENA), including estimates of their aleatory
uncertainty (variability)
have been developed based on a stochastic finite-fault model. The model
incorporates new information obtained from ENA seismographic data
gathered over
the past 10 years, including three-component broadband data that provide new
information
on ENA source and path effects. Our new prediction equations are
similar
to the previous ground-motion prediction equations of
Atkinson and Boore (1995),
which were based on a stochastic point-source model. The main difference is that
high-frequency amplitudes (f 
5 Hz) are less than previously
predicted (by about
a factor of 1.6 within 100 km), because of a slightly lower average stress
parameter
(140 bars versus 180 bars) and a steeper near-source attenuation. At frequencies
less
than 5 Hz, the predicted ground motions from the new equations are generally
within
25% of those predicted by
Atkinson and Boore (1995). The
prediction equations
agree well with available ENA ground-motion data as evidenced by
near-zero average
residuals (within a factor of 1.2) for all frequencies, and the lack of any
significant
residual trends with distance. However, there is a tendency to positive
residuals for
moderate events at high frequencies in the distance range from 30 to 100 km (by
as
much as a factor of 2). This indicates epistemic uncertainty in the prediction
model.
The positive residuals for moderate events at <100 km could be eliminated by an
increased stress parameter, at the cost of producing negative residuals in other
magnitude-distance ranges; adjustment factors to the equations are provided that
may
be used to model this effect.
Online material: Database of response spectra for hard-rock sites in ENA.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  M. P. Tuttle and G. M. Atkinson Localization of Large Earthquakes in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone, Quebec, Canada, during the Past 10,000 Years Seismological Research Letters, January 1, 2010; 81(1): 140 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. M. Atkinson, K. Assatourians, D. M. Boore, K. Campbell, and D. Motazedian A Guide to Differences between Stochastic Point-Source and Stochastic Finite-Fault Simulations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2009; 99(6): 3192 - 3201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. M. Boore Comparing Stochastic Point-Source and Finite-Source Ground-Motion Simulations: SMSIM and EXSIM Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2009; 99(6): 3202 - 3216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. M. Kuehn, F. Scherbaum, and C. Riggelsen Deriving Empirical Ground-Motion Models: Balancing Data Constraints and Physical Assumptions to Optimize Prediction Capability Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2009; 99(4): 2335 - 2347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. W. Campbell Estimates of Shear-Wave Q and {kappa}0 for Unconsolidated and Semiconsolidated Sediments in Eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2009; 99(4): 2365 - 2392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Atkinson and M. Morrison Observations on Regional Variability in Ground-Motion Amplitudes for Small-to-Moderate Earthquakes in North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2009; 99(4): 2393 - 2409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ottemoller, B. Baptie, and N. J. P. Smith Source Parameters for the 28 April 2007 Mw 4.0 Earthquake in Folkestone, United Kingdom Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2009; 99(3): 1853 - 1867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. O. Strasser, N. A. Abrahamson, and J. J. Bommer Sigma: Issues, Insights, and Challenges Seismological Research Letters, January 1, 2009; 80(1): 40 - 56. [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. W. Campbell Comment on "Empirical-Stochastic Ground-Motion Prediction for Eastern North America" by Behrooz Tavakoli and Shahram Pezeshk Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2008; 98(4): 2094 - 2097. [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Tavakoli and S. Pezeshk Reply to "Comment on 'Empirical-Stochastic Ground-Motion Prediction for Eastern North America' by Behrooz Tavakoli and Shahram Pezeshk" by Kenneth W. Campbell Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2008; 98(4): 2098 - 2100. [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Atkinson Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Eastern North America from a Referenced Empirical Approach: Implications for Epistemic Uncertainty Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2008; 98(3): 1304 - 1318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Atkinson, S. I. Kaka, D. Eaton, A. Bent, V. Peci, and S. Halchuk A Very Close Look at a Moderate Earthquake near Sudbury, Ontario Seismological Research Letters, January 1, 2008; 79(1): 119 - 131. [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Wang and M. Zhou Comment on "Why Do Modern Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Analyses Often Lead to Increased Hazard Estimates?" by Julian J. Bommer and Norman A. Abrahamson Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2007; 97(6): 2212 - 2214. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. P. Hong and K. Goda Orientation-Dependent Ground-Motion Measure for Seismic-Hazard Assessment Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2007; 97(5): 1525 - 1538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. I. Allen, P. R. Cummins, T. Dhu, and J. F. Schneider Attenuation of Ground-Motion Spectral Amplitudes in Southeastern Australia Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2007; 97(4): 1279 - 1292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Atkinson and D. M. Boore Earthquake Ground-Motion Prediction Equations for Eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2007; 97(3): 1032 - 1032. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Leonard, D. Robinson, T. Allen, J. Schneider, D. Clark, T. Dhu, and D. Burbidge Toward a better model of earthquake hazard in Australia Geological Society of America Special Papers, January 1, 2007; 425(0): 263 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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