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Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; April 2006; v. 96; no. 2; p. 697-712; DOI: 10.1785/0120050075
© 2006 Seismological Society of America
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Effects of Confinement on Short-Period Surface Waves: Observations from a New Dataset

Heather Hooper1, Jessie Bonner2 and Mark Leidig3

1 Weston Geophysical Corporation
181 Bedford Street, Suite 1
Lexington, Massachusetts 02420
heather{at}westongeophysical.com
 (H.H.)
2 Weston Geophysical Corporation
4000 S. Medford, Suite 10W
Lufkin, Texas 75901
bonner{at}westongeophysical.com
 (J.B.)
3 Weston Geophysical Corporation
3919 Essex Lane, #232
Houston, Texas 77027
mleidig{at}westongeophysical.com
 (M.L.)

The Source Phenomenology Experiment (SPE) was conducted during the summer of 2003 in Arizona. Single-fired chemical shots were detonated and recorded at two locations, including a coal mine in the Black Mesa district of northern Arizona. This article reports on research into the effects of confinement on the generation of short-period, fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves (Rg), using a subset of the SPE data.

Results show important differences between the Rg amplitudes of confined and unconfined explosions which must be understood to develop discriminants for mining explosions, which are an important aspect of nuclear test monitoring. Rg energy and frequency content depend on explosive weight and confinement, and unconfined explosions generate up to eight times less energy than equivalent confined explosions. For this reason, unconfined mining explosions cannot be simulated using a Mueller and Murphy (1971) source without including an empirical chemical decoupling factor. Rg chemical decoupling factors for unconfined shots vary from 0.5 to 8.2 at frequencies between 0.5 and 11 Hz.

The effects of the bench free face are evident in radiation patterns. Explosions on the topographic bench show increased spectral energies for Rg (by a factor of 1.5) at azimuths behind the bench. This suggests that a discriminant based on the relative azimuthal spectral energies of Rg may be a possibility.




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R.-M. Zhou and B. W. Stump
Frequency-Domain Scaling of Single-Fired Mining Explosions with Different Confinements and Explosive Weights Detonated in Porphyry Granite
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2007; 97(6): 1862 - 1879.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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