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1 U.S. Geological Survey Alaska
Volcano Observatory
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
(S.G.P.)
2 U.S. Geological Survey
Menlo
Park, California 94025
(D.P.H., M.J.S.J., D.H.O., A.M.P.)
3 University of California, Los
Angeles
Department of Earth and Space Sciences
Los Angeles, California
90095
(E.E.B.)
4 U.S. Geological Survey
Pasadena,
California 91106
(S.E.H.)
5 University of
Washington
Department of Earth and Space Sciences
Seattle, Washington
98195
(S.D.M.)
6 U.S. Navy Geothermal
Program
China Lake, California 93555
(K.B.R.)
The Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake in central Alaska of 3 November 2002 triggered earthquakes across western North America at epicentral distances of up to at least 3660 km. We describe the spatial and temporal development of triggered activity in California and the Pacific Northwest, focusing on Mount Rainier, the Geysers geothermal field, the Long Valley caldera, and the Coso geothermal field.
The onset of triggered seismicity at each of these areas began during the
Love and Raleigh waves of the Mw 7.9 wave train, which had
dominant periods of 15 to 40 sec, indicating that earthquakes were triggered
locally by dynamic stress changes due to low-frequency surface wave arrivals.
Swarms during the wave train continued for 
4 min (Mount Rainier) to 40
min (the Geysers) after the surface wave arrivals and were characterized by
spasmodic bursts of small (M 
2.5) earthquakes. Dynamic stresses
within the surface wave train at the time of the first triggered earthquakes
ranged from 0.01 MPa (Coso) to 0.09 MPa (Mount Rainier). In addition to the
swarms that began during the surface wave arrivals, Long Valley caldera and
Mount Rainier experienced unusually large seismic swarms hours to days after the
Denali fault earthquake. These swarms seem to represent a delayed response to
the Denali fault earthquake. The occurrence of spatially and temporally distinct
swarms of triggered seismicity at the same site suggests that earthquakes may be
triggered by more than one physical process.
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