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Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; December 2004; v. 94; no. 6B; p. S293-S299; DOI: 10.1785/0120040624
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Rupture Directivity of the 3 November 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake Determined from Surface Waves

Aaron A. Velasco1, Charles J. Ammon2, Jamie Farrell3 and Kris Pankow3

1 University of Texas at El Paso
El Paso, Texas 79968
 (A.A.V.)

2 The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
 (C.J.A.)

3 University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
 (J.F., K.P.)

The Mw 7.9 earthquake that struck central Alaska on 3 November 2002 was preceded 11 days earlier by an Mw 6.7 strike-slip foreshock on 23 October 2002. Both events were predominantly strike-slip and ruptured structures associated with the Denali fault system. Previous studies have shown that the mainshock began with failure on a relatively small northeast-striking reverse fault, before breaking out for 300 km of right-lateral strike-slip rupture. Aftershock patterns suggest that the foreshock ruptured a region west of the mainshock, which began near the eastern extent of the foreshock sequence and proceeded east-southeast. To constrain and to quantify source duration and directivity effects, we examine surface-wave displacement seismograms and use an empirical Green’s function (EGF) to isolate and explore mainshock rupture kinematics. Our particular interest lies in large-amplitude focussing caused by directivity. We observe Love and Rayleigh wave amplification of two orders of magnitude in the period range from 10 to 33 sec. These remarkable directivity-enhanced surface waves triggered small earthquakes more than 3000 km from the mainshock rupture.




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