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Evidence for Late Holocene Earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, Northern Puget Lowland, Washington

¹ U.S. Geological Survey
400 Natural Bridges Drive
Santa Cruz, California 95060
 (S.Y.J.)

² U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 966, Box 25046
Denver, Colorado 80225
 (A.R.N., S.F.P., L.-A.B.)

³ U.S. Geological Survey
Mail Stop 975, 345 Middlefield Rd.
Menlo Park, California 94025
 (R.E.W.)

⁴ Department of Geology
Humboldt State University
Arcata, California 95521
 (H.M.K.)

⁵ U.S. Geological Survey
Department of Earth and Space Science
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
 (B.L.S.)

⁶ Department of Geography
Hiroshima University
1-2-3 Hagamiyama
Higashi-Horoshima, 739-8522 Japan
 (K.O.)

⁷ William Lettis and Assoc., Inc.
1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262
Walnut Creek, California 94596
 (R.K., R.C.W.)

⁸ NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 921
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
 (D.J.H.)

Trenches across the Utsalady Point fault in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least one and probably two late Holocene earthquakes. The "Teeka" and "Duffers" trenches were located along a 1.4-km-long, 1- to 4-m-high, northwest-trending, southwest-facing, topographic scarp recognized from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping. Glaciomarine drift exposed in the trenches reveals evidence of about 95 to 150 cm of vertical and 200 to 220 cm of left-lateral slip in the Teeka trench. Radiocarbon ages from a buried soil A horizon and overlying slope colluvium along with the historical record of earthquakes suggest that this faulting occurred 100 to 400 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1550 to 1850). In the Duffers trench, 370 to 450 cm of vertical separation is accommodated by faulting (210 cm) and folding (160 to 240 cm), with probable but undetermined amounts of lateral slip. Stratigraphic relations and radiocarbon ages from buried soil, colluvium, and fissure fill in the hanging wall suggest the deformation at Duffers is most likely from two earthquakes that occurred between 100 to 500 and 1100 to 2200 calendar years B.P., but deformation during a single earthquake is also possible. For the two-earthquake hypothesis, deformation at Teeka trench in the first event involved folding but not faulting. Regional relations suggest that the earthquake(s) were M 6.7 and that offshore rupture may have produced tsunamis. Based on this investigation and related recent studies, the maximum recurrence interval for large ground-rupturing crustal-fault earthquakes in the Puget Lowland is about 400 to 600 years or less.

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