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Improvement of Seismic Observation in the Ocean by Use of Seafloor Boreholes

Department of Terrestrial Magnetism
Carnegie Institution of Washington
5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW
Washington, D.C. 20015
(E.A., S.S., A.L.)
Earthquake Research Institute
University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi
Bunkyo-ku, 113-0032, Tokyo, Japan
(M.S., T.K., H.S.)
Deep Sea Research Department, Japan Marine Science and Technology
Center 2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
(H.M., K.S.)

Manuscript received 27 March 2002.

We developed a long-term, high-quality seismic ocean floor borehole observatory system, the `Neath Seafloor Equipment for Recording Earth's Internal Deformation (NEREID). Four NEREID borehole observatories were installed in the Japan Trench off-Sanriku area (JT1, JT2), in the northwestern Pacific Basin (WP2), and in the Philippine Sea (WP1). The borehole sensors are cemented in the borehole to assure good coupling of sensors to the ground as well as to avoid effects of water flow around the sensors, which may have been a problem in previous borehole installations. The NEREID seismic records from two of the observatories (JT1, WP2) were free from long-period noise due to turbulence in the seafloor boundary current or to water flowing around the sensor that is significant on the seafloor. The infragravity wave noise clearly observed around 0.01 Hz on the horizontal components was significantly higher in the JT1 seismometer in the sediment because of the low shear modulus of the sediment. Ocean waves of long wavelength cause the infragravity wave noise. It is thus necessary to install seismometers in boreholes below the sediments to reduce the infragravity wave noise.

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