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Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; February 2003; v. 93; no. 1; p. 526-532; DOI: 10.1785/0120020008
© 2003 Seismological Society of America
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Short Note

A New Method of Quickly Estimating Epicentral Distance and Magnitude from a Single Seismic Record

Toshikazu Odaka, Kimitoshi Ashiya, Shin'ya Tsukada, Shinji Sato, Kazuo Ohtake and Daisuke Nozaka

Railway Technical Research Institute
Disaster Prevention Technology Division
Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
(T.O., K.A., S.T., S.S.)
Japan Meteorological Agency
Seismological and Volcanological Department
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
(K.O., D.N.)

Manuscript received 11 January 2002.

Rapid estimation of the epicentral distance and magnitude is of fundamental importance for early earthquake detection and warning systems. We present a novel method of estimating the epicentral distance from a single seismic record in a short amount of time. In order to quantitatively evaluate the difference in observed seismic waveforms, we introduced a simple function with the form of Bt·exp(-At) and determined A and B in terms of the least-squares method by fitting this function to the initial part of the waveform envelope. We have found that log B is inversely proportional to log {Delta}, where {Delta} is the epicentral distance. This relation holds true regardless of the earthquake magnitude. By using this relation, we can roughly estimate the epicentral distance nearly immediately after the P-wave arrival. Then, we can readily estimate the magnitude from the maximum amplitude observed within a given short time interval after the P-wave arrival by using an empirical magnitude-amplitude relation that includes the epicentral distance as a parameter.




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