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M. Tuttle & Associates
128 Tibbetts Lane
Georgetown,
Maine 04548
(M.P.T.)
U.S. Geological Survey and Center for Earthquake
Research
and Information
3876 Central Ave., Ste. 2
Memphis, Tennessee
38152-3050
(E.S.S.)
John Sims & Associates
Rt. 3, Box 427
Harper's Ferry,
West Virginia 25425
(J.D.S.)
Mid-Continental Research Associates
P. O. Box
728
Springdale, Arkansas 72765
(R.H.L.)
Department of Geology
Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama
36849
(L.W.W.)
Arkansas Archeological Survey
Blytheville
Station
Blytheville, Arkansas 72315
(M.L.H.)
The fault system responsible for New Madrid seismicity has generated temporally clustered very large earthquakes in A.D. 900 ± 100 years and A.D. 1450 ± 150 years as well as in 1811–1812. Given the uncertainties in dating liquefaction features, the time between the past three New Madrid events may be as short as 200 years and as long as 800 years, with an average of 500 years. This advance in understanding the Late Holocene history of the New Madrid seismic zone and thus, the contemporary tectonic behavior of the associated fault system was made through studies of hundreds of earthquake-induced liquefaction features at more than 250 sites across the New Madrid region. We have found evidence that prehistoric sand blows, like those that formed during the 1811–1812 earthquakes, are probably compound structures resulting from multiple earthquakes closely clustered in time or earthquake sequences. From the spatial distribution and size of sand blows and their sedimentary units, we infer the source zones and estimate the magnitudes of earthquakes within each sequence and thereby characterize the detailed behavior of the fault system. It appears that fault rupture was complex and that the central branch of the seismic zone produced very large earthquakes during the A.D. 900 and A.D. 1450 events as well as in 1811–1812. On the basis of a minimum recurrence rate of 200 years, we are now entering the period during which the next 1811–1812-type event could occur.
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