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California Institute of Technology, Seismological
Laboratory
Mail Code 252-21
1200 E. California Blvd.
Pasadena,
California 91125
(E.H., K.H.)
U.S. Geological Survey
535 S. Wilson Ave.
Pasadena,
California 91106
(L.M.J.)
The 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine mainshock showed
right-lateral strike-slip faulting, with an initial strike of N6°W and
vertical dip. The mainshock was preceded within 20 hours by 18 recorded
foreshocks of 1.5 
M 3.8 within a few kilometers distance of
the mainshock hypocenter. The aftershocks delineate how the Hector Mine
earthquake ruptured with strike N6°W to the south for a distance of 15 km,
and possibly to the north for a distance of several kilometers. The two
largest aftershocks of M 5.9 and M 5.7 occurred near the
north and south ends of the first mainshock rupture segment. The second
segment of rupture, starting 15 km to the south away from the mainshock
hypocenter, delineated by strike-slip and thrust-faulting aftershocks, extends
10 km farther away with a strike of S140°E along the Bullion fault. The
aftershocks also outline an unusual third rupture segment, extending from
about 5 km south of the hypocenter with a strike of N30°W to N35°W for
a distance of 20 km. Approximately 10 to 25 km farther to the north and west
of the mainshock epicenter, several clusters form a complex aftershock
distribution. Three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs models of the region exhibit only
small regional changes, as is typical for the Mojave region. Nonetheless, the
mainshock rupture started within a region of rapidly varying Vp, and at least
three regions of low Vp/Vs are imaged within the aftershock zone. The rate of
decay for the Hector Mine earthquake sequence has been slightly above the mean
for both p-values and b-values in southern California. The
focal mechanisms of the aftershocks and the state of stress are consistent
with strike-slip faulting, including a component of normal faulting most
prominent to the north. The orientation of the regional maximum horizontal
stress, the variation in orientation of the mainshock fault segments by
30°, and scattered distribution of aftershocks suggest that the mainshock
and aftershock deformation field exhibit volumetric shear deformation
accommodated by complex conjugate sets of strike-slip faults.
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