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Time-Dependent Distributed Afterslip on and Deep below the zmit Earthquake Rupture

Department of Earth and Planetary Science and Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
307 McCone Hall
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, California 94720
burgmann{at}seismo.berkeley.edu
(R.B.)
TUBITAK
Marmara Research Center, ESRI
Gebze 41470
Turkey
(S.E.)
Department of Geophysics
Stanford University
Stanford California 94503
(P.S.)
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
E34, 42 Carleton Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
(E.H.H., S.M., R.E.R.)
GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam
Telegrafenberg
D-14473 Potsdam
Germany
(H.W., J.Z.)

Manuscript received 22 September 2000.

Surface deformation transients measured with the Global Positioning System during the 87 days between the 17 August 1999 zmit earthquake and the 12 November 1999 Düzce earthquake indicate rapidly decaying aseismic fault slip on and well below the coseismic rupture. Elastic model inversions for time-dependent distributed fault slip, using a network inversion filter approach, show that afterslip was highest between and below the regions of maximum coseismic slip and propagated downward to, or even below, the base of the crust. Maximum afterslip rates decayed from greater than 2 m/yr, immediately after the zmit earthquake to about 1.2 m/yr just prior to the Düzce earthquake. Maximum afterslip occurred below the eastern Karadere rupture segment and near the zmit hypocenter. Afterslip in the upper 16 km decayed more rapidly than that below the seismogenic zone. These observations are consistent with a phase of rapid aseismic fault slip concentrated near the base of the seismogenic zone. Continued loading from the rapid deep afterslip along the eastern rupture zone is a plausible mechanism that helped trigger the nearby, M_w 7.2, 12 November Düzce earthquake.

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