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Geometry, Slip Distribution, and Kinematics of Surface Rupture on the Sakarya Fault Segment during the 17 August 1999 zmit, Turkey, Earthquake

U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Rd.
Menlo Park, California 94025
(R.M.L., H.D.S., T.E.F.)
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California 900089-0740
(S.A.C., R.D.H.)
Department of Geological Sciences
San Diego State University
San Diego, California 92182-1020
(T.K.R.)
William Lettis and Associates Inc
1777 Botelho Drive, Suite 262
Walnut Creek, California 94596
(J.B.)
Eurasian Earth Science Institute
Istanbul Technical University
Ayazaga 80626
Istanbul, Turkey
(A.A.B.)

Manuscript received 10 July 2000.

The M_w 7.4 17 August 1999 zmit earthquake ruptured five major fault segments of the dextral North Anatolian Fault Zone. The 26-km-long, N86°W-trending Sakarya fault segment (SFS) extends from the Sapanca releasing step-over in the west to near the town of Akyazi in the east. The SFS emerges from Lake Sapanca as two distinct fault traces that rejoin to traverse the Adapazari Plain to Akyazi. Offsets were measured across 88 cultural and natural features that cross the fault, such as roads, cornfield rows, rows of trees, walls, rails, field margins, ditches, vehicle ruts, a dike, and ground cracks. The maximum displacement observed for the zmit earthquake (5.1 m) was encountered on this segment. Dextral displacement for the SFS rises from less than 1 m at Lake Sapanca to greater than 5 m near Arifiye, only 3 km away. Average slip decreases uniformly to the east from Arifiye until the fault steps left from Sagir to Kazanci to the N75°W, 6-km-long Akyazi strand, where slip drops to less than 1 m. The Akyazi strand passes eastward into the Akyazi Bend, which consists of a high-angle bend (18°-29°) between the Sakarya and Karadere fault segments, a 6-km gap in surface rupture, and high aftershock energy release. Complex structural geometries exist between the zmit, Düzce, and 1967 Mudurnu fault segments that have arrested surface ruptures on timescales ranging from 30 sec to 88 days to 32 yr. The largest of these step-overs may have acted as a rupture segmentation boundary in previous earthquake cycles.

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