HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (21) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Aagaard, B. T. Articles by Hall, J. F. Search for Related Content GeoRef GeoRef Citation

Dynamic Earthquake Ruptures in the Presence of Lithostatic Normal Stresses: Implications for Friction Models and Heat Production

Department of Geologic and Planetary Sciences
Mail Stop 252-21
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California 91125
(B.T.A., T.H.H.)

Department of Civil Engineering
Mail Stop 104-44
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California 91125
(J.F.H.)

We simulate dynamic ruptures on a strike-slip fault in homogeneous and layered half-spaces and on a thrust fault in a layered half-space. With traditional friction models, sliding friction exceeds 50% of the fault normal compressive stress, and unless the pore pressures approach the lithostatic stress, the rupture characteristics depend strongly on the depth, and sliding generates large amounts of heat. Under application of reasonable stress distributions with depth, variation of the effective coefficient of friction with the square root of the shear modulus and the inverse of the depth creates distributions of stress drop and fracture energy that produce realistic rupture behavior. This ad hoc friction model results in (1) low-sliding friction at all depths and (2) fracture energy that is relatively independent of depth. Additionally, friction models with rate-weakening behavior (which form pulselike ruptures) appear to generate heterogeneity in the distributions of final slip and shear stress more effectively than those without such behavior (which form cracklike ruptures). For surface rupture on a thrust fault, the simple slip-weakening friction model, which lacks rate-weakening behavior, accentuates the dynamic interactions between the seismic waves and the rupture and leads to excessively large ground motions on the hanging wall. Waveforms below the center of the fault (which are associated with waves radiated to teleseismic distances) indicate that source inversions of thrust events may slightly underestimate the slip at shallow depths.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Ma and G. C. Beroza Rupture Dynamics on a Bimaterial Interface for Dipping Faults Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2008; 98(4): 1642 - 1658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Day, S. H. Gonzalez, R. Anooshehpoor, and J. N. Brune Scale-Model and Numerical Simulations of Near-Fault Seismic Directivity Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2008; 98(3): 1186 - 1206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Dalguer and S. M. Day Comparison of Fault Representation Methods in Finite Difference Simulations of Dynamic Rupture Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2006; 96(5): 1764 - 1778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Ma and P. Liu Modeling of the Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundaries and Intrinsic Attenuation in Explicit Finite-Element Methods Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2006; 96(5): 1779 - 1794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Duan and D. D. Oglesby The Dynamics of Thrust and Normal Faults over Multiple Earthquake Cycles: Effects of Dipping Fault Geometry Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2005; 95(5): 1623 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. T. Aagaard and T. H. Heaton Near-Source Ground Motions from Simulations of Sustained Intersonic and Supersonic Fault Ruptures Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2004; 94(6): 2064 - 2078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. T. Aagaard, G. Anderson, and K. W. Hudnut Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the Transition from Thrust to Strike-Slip Motion in the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2004; 94(6B): S190 - S201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. T. Aagaard, J. F. Hall, and T. H. Heaton Effects of Fault Dip and Slip Rake Angles on Near-Source Ground Motions: Why Rupture Directivity Was Minimal in the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2004; 94(1): 155 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Anderson, B. Aagaard, and K. Hudnut Fault Interactions and Large Complex Earthquakes in the Los Angeles Area Science, December 12, 2003; 302(5652): 1946 - 1949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				The 1999 Hector Mine Earthquake: The Dynamics of a Branched Fault System Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2003; 93(6): 2459 - 2476.