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Multiple Large Earthquakes in the Past 1500 Years on a Fault in Metropolitan Manila, the Philippines

Geologic Hazards Team, Central Region
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966
PO Box 25046
Denver, Colorado 80225, USA
(A.R.N. and S.F.P.)

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
University of the Philippines Campus
Diliman, Quezon City, The Philippines
(R.E.R., R.S.P., N.T., H.M., and A.R.)

The first ¹⁴C-based paleoseismic study of an active fault in the Philippines shows that a right-lateral fault on the northeast edge of metropolitan Manila poses a greater seismic hazard than previously thought. Faulted hillslope colluvium, stream-channel alluvium, and debris-flow deposits exposed in trenches across the northern part of the west Marikina Valley fault record two or three surface-faulting events. Three eroded, clay-rich soil B horizons suggest thousands of years between surface faulting events, whereas ¹⁴C ages on detrital charcoal constrain the entire stratigraphic sequence to the past 1300–1700 years. We rely on the ¹⁴C ages to infer faulting recurrence of hundreds rather than thousands of years. Minimal soil development and modern ¹⁴C ages from colluvium overlying a faulted debris-flow deposit in a nearby stream exposure point to a historic age for a probable third or fourth (most recent) faulting event.

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