| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 922 NATIONAL CENTER, RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD, MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025
Abstract
The finite-difference method is used to propagate elastic waves through a 3-D model of the Santa Clara Valley, an alluvium-filled basin that underlies the city of San Jose, California. The model was based on depth to bedrock information from water wells in the area. The simulation corresponded to a region 30 (east-west) by 22 (north-south) by 6 (depth) km and contained about 4 million grid points. Synthetic seismograms from the simulation are accurate at frequencies up to 1 Hz. Motions from a magnitude 4.4 aftershock of the Loma Prieta earthquake were modeled. Snapshots of ground motion and synthetic seismograms from the simulation are presented. The simulation illustrates S-to-surface-wave conversion at the edges of the basin and the large amplitude and long duration of ground motion in the basin compared to the surrounding rock. Love waves produced at the edge of the basin are the largest arrivals in the transverse synthetics. Because of the slow group velocity of the Love waves, sites near the center of the basin have longer durations of significant motions than basin sites near the valley edges. Sites near the center of the basin also show larger peak amplitudes on the transverse component. Array analysis of the synthetic seismograms indicates that Love waves tend to propagate parallel to the eastern and western edges of the valley. Rayleigh waves are produced along the southern margin of the basin from incident S waves. Large radial motions occur where a Rayleigh wave impinges on the northeast margin of the valley. Some Rayleigh waves travel westward across the basin, after being scattered from the eastern edge of the valley. Synthetic seismograms from the simulation have similar peak amplitudes as seismograms recorded by the Sunnyvale dense array for this aftershock, although the duration of the tranverse component is not matched by the synthetic seismogram, using this basin model. The simulation indicates that the Love waves observed on the actual seismograms were produced by conversion of incident S waves at the southern margin of the Santa Clara Valley. 2-D simulations show how the S-to-Love-wave conversion is affected by the angle of incidence of the S wave and the sharpness of the velocity transition between the alluvium and bedrock. As more accurate basin models are developed, 3-D simulations should become valuable for predicting ground motions in sedimentary basins for future large earthquakes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S.-J. Lee, D. Komatitsch, B.-S. Huang, and J. Tromp Effects of Topography on Seismic-Wave Propagation: An Example from Northern Taiwan Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2009; 99(1): 314 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-F. Semblat, M. Kham, and P.-Y. Bard Seismic-Wave Propagation in Alluvial Basins and Influence of Site-City Interaction Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2008; 98(6): 2665 - 2678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Aagaard, T. M. Brocher, D. Dolenc, D. Dreger, R. W. Graves, S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, S. Larsen, and M. L. Zoback Ground-Motion Modeling of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Part I: Validation Using the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2008; 98(2): 989 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. T. Aagaard, T. M. Brocher, D. Dolenc, D. Dreger, R. W. Graves, S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, S. Larsen, K. McCandless, S. Nilsson, et al. Ground-Motion Modeling of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Part II: Ground-Motion Estimates for the 1906 Earthquake and Scenario Events Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2008; 98(2): 1012 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ma, R. J. Archuleta, and M. T. Page Effects of Large-Scale Surface Topography on Ground Motions, as Demonstrated by a Study of the San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2007; 97(6): 2066 - 2079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. McPhee, V. E. Langenheim, S. Hartzell, R. J. McLaughlin, B. T. Aagaard, R. C. Jachens, and C. McCabe Basin Structure beneath the Santa Rosa Plain, Northern California: Implications for Damage Caused by the 1969 Santa Rosa and 1906 San Francisco Earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2007; 97(5): 1449 - 1457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hartzell, S. Harmsen, R. A. Williams, D. Carver, A. Frankel, G. Choy, P.-C. Liu, R. C. Jachens, T. M. Brocher, and C. M. Wentworth Modeling and Validation of a 3D Velocity Structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for Seismic-Wave Simulations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2006; 96(5): 1851 - 1881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lovely, J. H. Shaw, Q. Liu, and J. Tromp A Structural VP Model of the Salton Trough, California, and Its Implications for Seismic Hazard Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2006; 96(5): 1882 - 1896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Olsen, A. Akinci, A. Rovelli, F. Marra, and L. Malagnini 3D Ground-Motion Estimation in Rome, Italy Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2006; 96(1): 133 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhao, T. H. Jordan, K. B. Olsen, and P. Chen Frechet Kernels for Imaging Regional Earth Structure Based on Three-Dimensional Reference Models Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2005; 95(6): 2066 - 2080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Brocher Empirical Relations between Elastic Wavespeeds and Density in the Earth's Crust Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2005; 95(6): 2081 - 2092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Brocher A Regional View of Urban Sedimentary Basins in Northern California Based on Oil Industry Compressional-Wave Velocity and Density Logs Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2005; 95(6): 2093 - 2114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Dangla, J.-F. Semblat, H. Xiao, and N. Delepine A Simple and Efficient Regularization Method for 3D BEM: Application to Frequency-Domain Elastodynamics Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2005; 95(5): 1916 - 1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Choi, J. P. Stewart, and R. W. Graves Empirical Model for Basin Effects Accounts for Basin Depth and Source Location Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2005; 95(4): 1412 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Komatitsch, Q. Liu, J. Tromp, P. Suss, C. Stidham, and J. H. Shaw Simulations of Ground Motion in the Los Angeles Basin Based upon the Spectral-Element Method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2004; 94(1): 187 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amplification of Seismic Waves by the Seattle Basin, Washington State Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2003; 93(2): 533 - 545.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domain Reduction Method for Three-Dimensional Earthquake Modeling in Localized Regions, Part I: Theory Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2003; 93(2): 817 - 824.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Site Response, Shallow Shear-Wave Velocity, and Wave Propagation at the San Jose, California, Dense Seismic Array Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2003; 93(1): 443 - 464.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Effect of Shallow San Francisco Bay Sediments on Waveforms Recorded during the MW 4.6 Bolinas, California, Earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2003; 93(1): 465 - 479.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boundary Shape Waveform Inversion for Estimating the Depth of Three-Dimensional Basin Structures Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2002; 92(6): 2410 - 2418.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Simulation of Broadband Ground Motion Including Nonlinear Soil Effects for a Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake on the Seattle Fault, Seattle, Washington Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, March 1, 2002; 92(2): 831 - 853.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Vertical Component P-Wave Receiver Function Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2001; 91(6): 1805 - 1819.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Late Pleistocene and Holocene Tectonics of the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington, from High-Resolution Seismic Profiling Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2001; 91(4): 637 - 650.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Memory-Efficient Simulation of Anelastic Wave Propagation Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2001; 91(3): 520 - 531.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Observations of Basin Ground Motions from a Dense Seismic Array in San Jose, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2001; 91(1): 1 - 12.
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Olsen Site Amplification in the Los Angeles Basin from Three-Dimensional Modeling of Ground Motion Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2000; 90(6B): S77 - S94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. Steidl Site Response in Southern California for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 2000; 90(6B): S149 - S169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Ground Motions in the Seattle Region for Earthquakes in the Seattle Fault Zone Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2000; 90(5): 1251 - 1267.
|
|
|
|
|
|
3D Viscoelastic Wave Propagation in the Upper Borrego Valley, California, Constrained by Borehole and Surface Data Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2000; 90(1): 134 - 150.
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hartzell, S. Harmsen, A. Frankel, and S. Larsen Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1999; 89(6): 1484 - 1504. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Stidham, M. Antolik, D. Dreger, S. Larsen, and B. Romanowicz Three-dimensional structure influences on the strong-motion wavefield of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1999; 89(5): 1184 - 1202. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Frankel, D. Carver, E. Cranswick, M. Meremonte, T. Bice, and D. Overturf Site response for Seattle and source parameters of earthquakes in the Puget Sound Region Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1999; 89(2): 468 - 483. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pitarka 3D Elastic finite-difference modeling of seismic motion using staggered grids with nonuniform spacing Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1999; 89(1): 54 - 68. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Day Efficient simulation of constant Q using coarse-grained memory variables Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1998; 88(4): 1051 - 1062. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-K. Chung and Y. T. Yeh Shallow crustal structure from short-period Rayleigh-wave dispersion data in southwestern Taiwan Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1997; 87(2): 370 - 382. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Takeo and H. Kanamori Simulation of long-period ground motion near a large earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1997; 87(1): 140 - 156. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Hough and E. H. Field On the coherence of ground motion in the San Fernando Valley Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1996; 86(6): 1724 - 1732. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Malagnini Velocity and attenuation structure of very shallow soils: Evidence for a frequency-dependent Q Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1996; 86(5): 1471 - 1486. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Hammer and C. A. Langston Modeling the effect of San Andreas fault structure on receiver functions using elastic 3D finite difference Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1996; 86(5): 1608 - 1622. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pitarka, D. Suetsugu, and H. Takenaka Elastic finite-difference modeling of strong motion in Ashigara Valley for the 1990 Odawara, Japan, earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1996; 86(4): 981 - 990. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Olsen, J. C. Pechmann, and G. T. Schuster An analysis of simulated and observed blast records in the Salt Lake Basin Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1996; 86(4): 1061 - 1076. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Olsen and R. J. Archuleta Three-dimensional simulation of earthquakes on the Los Angeles fault system Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1996; 86(3): 575 - 596. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-H. Yoon and G. A. McMechan 3D eight-order elastic finite-difference modeling of refraction and strong-motion data from the Coyote Lake region, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1996; 86(3): 616 - 626. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Malagnini, P. Tricarico, A. Rovelli, R. B. Herrmann, S. Opice, G. Biella, and R. de Franco Explosion, earthquake, and ambient noise recordings in a Pliocene sediment-filled valley: Inferences on seismic response properties by reference- and non-reference-site techniques Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1996; 86(3): 670 - 682. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pitarka and K. Irikura Basin structure effects on long-period strong motions in the San Fernando Valley and the Los Angeles Basin from the 1994 Northridge earthquake and an aftershock Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996; 86(1B): S126 - S137. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bouchon, C. A. Schultz, and M. Nafi Toksoz A fast implementation of boundary integral equation methods to calculate the propagation of seismic waves in laterally varying layered media Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1995; 85(6): 1679 - 1687. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Olsen, J. C. Pechmann, and G. T. Schuster Simulation of 3D elastic wave propagation in the Salt Lake Basin Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1995; 85(6): 1688 - 1710. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zahradnik Comment on "A hybrid method for the estimation of ground motion in sedimentary basins: Quantitative modeling for Mexico City" by D. Fah, P. Suhadolc, St. Mueller, and G. F. Panza Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1995; 85(4): 1268 - 1270. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Malagnini, R. B. Herrmann, G. Biella, and R. de Franco Rayleigh waves in Quaternary alluvium from explosive sources: Determination of shear-wave velocity and Q structure Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1995; 85(3): 900 - 922. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gagnepain-Beyneix, J. C. Lepine, A. Nercessian, and A. Hirn Experimental study of site effects in the Fort-de-France area (Martinique island) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1995; 85(2): 478 - 495. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. Sanchez-Sesma and F. Luzon Seismic response of three-dimensional alluvial valleys for incident P, S, and Rayleigh waves Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1995; 85(1): 269 - 284. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Margheriti, L. Wennerberg, and J. Boatwright A comparison of coda and S-wave spectral ratios as estimates of site response in the southern San Francisco Bay area Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1994; 84(6): 1815 - 1830. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yamanaka, M. Takemura, H. Ishida, and M. Niwa Characteristics of long-period microtremors and their applicability in exploration of deep sedimentary layers Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1994; 84(6): 1831 - 1841. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bouchon and O. Coutant Calculation of synthetic seismograms in a laterally varying medium by the boundary element-discrete wavenumber method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1994; 84(6): 1869 - 1881. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Scrivner and D. V. Helmberger Seismic waveform modeling in the Los Angeles Basin Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1994; 84(5): 1310 - 1326. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Pitarka, H. Takenaka, and D. Suetsugu Modeling strong motion in the Ashigara Valley for the 1990 Odawara, Japan, earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1994; 84(5): 1327 - 1335. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Frankel Dense array recordings in the San Bernardino Valley of landers-big bear aftershocks: Basin surface waves, Moho reflections, and three-dimensional simulations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1994; 84(3): 613 - 624. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Hough Southern surface rupture associated with the M 7.3 1992 Landers, California, earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1994; 84(3): 817 - 825. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-B. Xie and T. Lay The excitation of Lg waves by explosions: A finite-difference investigation Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1994; 84(2): 324 - 342. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. Saikia, D. S. Dreger, and D. V. Helmberger Modeling of energy amplification recorded within Greater Los Angeles using irregular structure Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1994; 84(1): 47 - 61. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. KATO, K. AKI, and T.-L. TENG 3-D simulations of surface wave propagation in the Kanto sedimentary basin, Japan--part 1: Application of the surface wave Gaussian beam method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1993; 83(6): 1676 - 1699. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. HISADA, K. AKI, and T.-L. TENG 3-D simulations of surface wave propagation in the Kanto sedimentary basin, Japan Part 2: Application of the surface wave BEM Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1993; 83(6): 1700 - 1720. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. SPUDICH and M. IIDA The seismic coda, site effects, and scattering in alluvial basins studied using aftershocks of the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake as source arrays Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1993; 83(6): 1721 - 1743. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. FRANKEL Three-dimensional simulations of ground motions in the San Bernardino Valley, California, for hypothetical earthquakes on the San Andreas fault Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1993; 83(4): 1020 - 1041. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. SAIKIA Estimated ground motions in Los Angeles due to MW = 7 earthquake on the Elysian thrust fault Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1993; 83(3): 780 - 810. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
