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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90089-0740
Abstract
We considered the effects of source, propagation path, and local site conditions on strong ground motion from the Loma Prieta earthquake in the following steps. First, the local site effect was removed from the strong motion records applying the weak-motion amplification factors estimated from nearby stations of USGS regional network using the coda method. Then, we confirmed the approximate validity of the 1/R law of geometrical spreading factor for the crustal model applicable to the region, and we determined the attenuation parameter Q(f) and source spectrum S(f) empirically from the site-effect — corrected spectral amplitude. Both Q(f) and S(f) are consistent with the results obtained earlier for major California earthquakes.
We then synthesized the time history of ground acceleration by applying the stochastic simulation technique. The agreement between the observed and predicted records was good for duration and spectral content. We found, however, a strong systematic discrepancy with regard to peak acceleration; namely, for distances less than 50 km, the predicted peak acceleration consistently overestimated the observed for sediment sites and underestimated it for the Franciscan formation sites. Since the above systematic discrepancy applies to all the available stations within about 50 km from the hypocenter, it is unlikely that the effect is due to the radiation pattern, near-source structure, or topography. It appears that the strong difference in the amplification factor between the Franciscan and the sediment sites observed for weak motion disappears at acceleration levels higher than about 0.1 to 0.3 g. If this is due to the nonlinear response of the sediment sites, it is in the range expected from geotechnical engineering studies.
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S. P. Jarpe and P. W. Kasameyer Validation of a procedure for calculating broadband strong-motion time histories with empirical Green's functions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1996; 86(4): 1116 - 1129. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Wennerberg Comment on "Simultaneous study of the source, path, and site effects on strong ground motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: A preliminary result on pervasive nonlinear site effects" by Byau-Heng Chin and Keiiti Aki Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996; 86(1A): 259 - 267. [PDF]
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B.-H. Chin and K. Aki Reply to Leif Wennerberg's comment on "Simultaneous study of the source, path, and site effects on strong ground motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: A preliminary result on pervasive nonlinear site effects" Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996; 86(1A): 268 - 273. [PDF]
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S. Gao, H. Liu, P. M. Davis, and L. Knopoff Localized amplification of seismic waves and correlation with damage due to the Northridge earthquake: Evidence for focusing in Santa Monica Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996; 86(1B): S209 - S230. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. Satoh, H. Kawase, and T. Sato Evaluation of local site effects and their removal from borehole records observed in the Sendai region, Japan Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1995; 85(6): 1770 - 1789. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. Satoh, T. Sato, and H. Kawase Nonlinear behavior of soil sediments identified by using borehole records observed at the Ashigra Valley, Japan Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1995; 85(6): 1821 - 1834. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. M. Fischer, L. A. Salvati, S. E. Hough, E. Gonzalez, C. E. Nelsen, and E. G. Roth Sediment-induced amplification in the Northeastern United States: A case study in Providence, Rhode Island Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1995; 85(5): 1388 - 1397. [Abstract] [PDF]
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I. A. Beresnev and K.-L. Wen P-wave amplification by near-surface deposits at different excitation levels Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1995; 85(5): 1490 - 1494. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. H. Field and K. H. Jacob A comparison and test of various site-response estimation techniques, including three that are not reference-site dependent Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1995; 85(4): 1127 - 1143. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. Frankel Simulating strong motions of large earthquakes using recordings of small earthquakes: the Loma Prieta mainshock as a test case Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1995; 85(4): 1144 - 1160. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. R. Youngs, N. Abrahamson, F. I. Makdisi, and K. Sadigh Magnitude-dependent variance of peak ground acceleration Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1995; 85(4): 1161 - 1176. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Marsh, T. J. Larkin, A. J. Haines, and R. A. Benites Comparison of linear and nonlinear seismic responses of two-dimensional alluvial basins Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1995; 85(3): 874 - 889. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. Su and K. Aki Site amplification factors in central and Southern California determined from coda waves Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1995; 85(2): 452 - 466. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. Kato, K. Aki, and M. Takemura Site amplification from coda waves: Validation and application to S-wave site response Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1995; 85(2): 467 - 477. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Gagnepain-Beyneix, J. C. Lepine, A. Nercessian, and A. Hirn Experimental study of site effects in the Fort-de-France area (Martinique island) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1995; 85(2): 478 - 495. [Abstract] [PDF]
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I. A. Beresnev, K.-L. Wen, and Y. Tein Yeh Nonlinear soil amplification: Its corroboration in Taiwan Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1995; 85(2): 496 - 515. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Margheriti, L. Wennerberg, and J. Boatwright A comparison of coda and S-wave spectral ratios as estimates of site response in the southern San Francisco Bay area Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1994; 84(6): 1815 - 1830. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 L. M. Jones The Magnitude 6.7 Northridge, California, Earthquake of 17 January 1994 Science, October 21, 1994; 266(5184): 389 - 397. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Hutchings Kinematic earthquake models and synthesized ground motion using empirical Green's functions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1994; 84(4): 1028 - 1050. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. Frankel Dense array recordings in the San Bernardino Valley of landers-big bear aftershocks: Basin surface waves, Moho reflections, and three-dimensional simulations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1994; 84(3): 613 - 624. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V. F. Cormier and W.-J. Su Effects of three-dimensional crustal structure on the estimated slip history and ground motion of the Loma Prieta earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1994; 84(2): 284 - 294. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. C. Seekins and J. Boatwright Ground motion amplification, geology, and damage from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in the City of San Francisco Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1994; 84(1): 16 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. HELMBERGER, D. DREGER, R. STEAD, and H. KANAMORI Impact of broadband seismology on the understanding of strong motions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1993; 83(3): 830 - 850. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G. YU, J. G. ANDERSON, and R. SIDDHARTHAN On the characteristics of nonlinear soil response Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1993; 83(1): 218 - 244. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. H. FIELD, K. H. JACOB, and S. E. HOUGH Earthquake site response estimation: A weak-motion case study Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1992; 82(6): 2283 - 2307. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. H. HARTZELL Site response estimation from earthquake data Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1992; 82(6): 2308 - 2327. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. M. BOORE, W. B. JOYNER, and L. WENNERBERG Fitting the stochastic {omega}-2 source model to observed response spectra in western north America: Trade-offs between {Delta}{sigma} and {kappa} Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1992; 82(4): 1956 - 1963. [PDF]
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S. KOYANAGI, K. MAYEDA, and K. AKI Frequency-dependent site amplification factors using the S-wave coda for the island of Hawaii Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1992; 82(3): 1151 - 1185. [Abstract] [PDF]
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F. SU., K. AKI, T. TENG, Y. ZENG, S. KOYANAGI, and K. MAYEDA The relation between site amplification factor and surficial geology in central California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1992; 82(2): 580 - 602. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. C. HANKS and H. KRAWINKLER The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and its effects: Introduction to the special issue Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1991; 81(5): 1415 - 1423. [PDF]
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