| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD, MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025
Abstract
An 
-squared model suggested by Hanks and McGuire has had impressive success in predicting measures of strong ground motions over a broad range in moment magnitude. There remains the question of how the ground motion spectra should scale for earthquakes large enough to rupture the entire width of a seismogenic zone, i.e., earthquakes for which the usual similarity principles do not apply. The scaling law proposed in this paper takes as its fundamental postulate that the high-frequency level of the acceleration spectrum is proportional to the square root of the rupture area for all earthquakes, not just those for which the similarity principles apply. The spectrum corresponding to the proposed scaling law is controlled by two corner frequencies, one inversely proportional to the rupture length and the other inversely proportional to the rupture width. The proposed law agrees with the Hanks-McGuire model below the value of moment corresponding to rupture of the whole width of the seismogenic zone. A stochastic kinematic model is devised for the purpose of making ground motion predictions corresponding to the proposed law. The spectrum of the stochastic kinematic model can be written in terms of the product of two factors, one controlled by the corner frequency related to rupture length and the other by the corner frequency related to rupture width. Above their respective corner frequencies both factors are proportional to frequency raised to a power. The two exponents are chosen in order to make the spectrum correspond to the proposed law, but it is noteworthy that both exponents can easily be justified on other grounds. The exponent in the factor controlled by the corner frequency related to rupture width corresponds to the square root singularity in slip velocity exhibited by Kostrov's solution for a constant stress relaxation propagating at constant velocity. The exponent in the factor controlled by the corner frequency related to rupture length has the value implied by the well-established proportionality between average dislocation and rupture length, on the assumption that dislocation is a random function of position along the fault. Predictions of peak horizontal acceleration, velocity, and response spectra corresponding to the proposed law are made with the stochastic kinematic model and also using random vibration theory. The two sets of predictions show good agreement. The predictions are consistent with strong-motion data for shallow earthquakes in western North America, within the scatter of the data and the uncertainty of the parameters of the proposed law. The predictions differ by more than a factor of two from a simple extrapolation of the Hanks-McGuire model only at moment magnitudes more than one unit greater than the critical magnitude corresponding to rupture of the entire width of the seismogenic zone. It is likely that few if any such earthquakes ever occur.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Frankel A Constant Stress-Drop Model for Producing Broadband Synthetic Seismograms: Comparison with the Next Generation Attenuation Relations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2009; 99(2A): 664 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Tavakoli and S. Pezeshk Reply to "Comment on 'Empirical-Stochastic Ground-Motion Prediction for Eastern North America' by Behrooz Tavakoli and Shahram Pezeshk" by Kenneth W. Campbell Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 2008; 98(4): 2098 - 2100. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Motazedian and G. M. Atkinson Stochastic Finite-Fault Modeling Based on a Dynamic Corner Frequency Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2005; 95(3): 995 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source Spectral Scaling and Stress Release Estimates Using Strong-Motion Records in Greece Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2002; 92(3): 1040 - 1059.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reply to Comment by R. A. W. Haddon on "Evaluation of Models for Earthquake Source Spectra in Eastern North America" by Gail M. Atkinson and David M. Boore Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 2000; 90(5): 1339 - 1341.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Theoretical Omega-Square Model Considering the Spatial Variation in Slip and Rupture Velocity Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2000; 90(2): 387 - 400.
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Liu and S. Pezeshk An improvement on the estimation of pseudoresponse spectral velocity using RVT method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1999; 89(5): 1384 - 1389. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. N. Margaris and D. M. Boore Determination of {Delta}{sigma} and {kappa}0 from response spectra of large earthquakes in Greece Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1998; 88(1): 170 - 182. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Y. Sokolov Empirical models for estimating Fourier-amplitude spectra of ground acceleration in the northern Caucasus (Racha seismogenic zone) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1997; 87(6): 1401 - 1412. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Anderson Seismic energy and stress-drop parameters for a composite source model Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1997; 87(1): 85 - 96. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Tumarkin, R. J. Archuleta, and R. Madariaga Scaling relations for composite earthquake models Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1994; 84(4): 1279 - 1283. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE, W. B. JOYNER, and L. WENNERBERG Fitting the stochastic {omega}-2 source model to observed response spectra in western north America: Trade-offs between {Delta}{sigma} and {kappa} Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1992; 82(4): 1956 - 1963. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE and G. M. ATKINSON Source spectra for the 1988 Saguenay, Quebec, earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1992; 82(2): 683 - 719. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. ORDAZ and S. KRISHNA SINGH Source spectra and spectral attenuation of seismic waves from Mexican earthquakes, and evidence of amplification in the hill zone of Mexico City Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1992; 82(1): 24 - 43. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE and W. B. JOYNER Estimation of ground motion at deep-soil sites in eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1991; 81(6): 2167 - 2185. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B. JOYNER Directivity for nonuniform ruptures Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1991; 81(4): 1391 - 1395. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. SINGH, M. ORDAZ, J. G. ANDERSON, M. RODRIGUEZ, R. QUAAS, E. MENA, M. OTTAVIANI, and D. ALMORA Analysis of near-source strong-motion recordings along the Mexican subduction zone Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1989; 79(6): 1697 - 1717. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE and W. B. JOYNER The effect of directivity on the stress parameter determined from ground motion observations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1989; 79(6): 1984 - 1988. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. HARTZELL and T. H. HEATON Failure of self-similarity for large (M{omega} > Formula) earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1988; 78(2): 478 - 488. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. ROVELLI, O. BONAMASSA, M. COCCO, M. DI BONA, and S. MAZZA Scaling laws and spectral parameters of the ground motion in active extensional areas in Italy Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1988; 78(2): 530 - 560. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE and G. M. ATKINSON Stochastic prediction of ground motion and spectral response parameters at hard-rock sites in eastern North America Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1987; 77(2): 440 - 467. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE Short-period P- and S-wave radiation from large earthquakes: Implications for spectral scaling relations Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1986; 76(1): 43 - 64. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. ANDERSON and S. E. HOUGH A model for the shape of the fourier amplitude spectrum of acceleration at high frequencies Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1984; 74(5): 1969 - 1993. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. BOORE and W. B. JOYNER A note on the use of random vibration theory to predict peak amplitudes of transient signals Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1984; 74(5): 2035 - 2039. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
