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DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02139
INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS AND PLANETARY PHYSICS SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92093
INSTITUT DE RECHERCHES INTERDISCIPLINARES DE GEOLOGIE ET MECHANIQUE UNIVERSITE SCIENTIFIQUE ET MEDICALE DU GRENOBLE, 38400 ST. MARTIN D'HERES, France
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS OF THE EARTH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, B. GRUZINSKAYA, UL. 10, MOSCOW D-242, USSR
Abstract
Differences were measured in seismograms recorded at eight proximate hardrock sites: five in tunnels and three on outcrops on hills. Tunnel sites affected the amplitude of incident signals by as much as a factor of three, at frequencies inversely proportional to the depth of the site into the tunnel. For example, the maximum effect of a site 12 m deep was at 25 Hz while that of a site 85 m deep was at 11 Hz. Most of the observed tunnel effects could be explained in terms of interference between the incident and surface-reflected waves. Rock outcrop sites on hills affected the amplitude of incident signals by as much as a factor of eight, at frequencies inversely proportional to the dimension of the hill, and more for horizontally than for vertically polarized signals. Hard-rock site effects typically varied by no more than a factor of three for input signals from different earthquakes, having widely different azimuth and incident angles.
Footnotes
* Present address: California Division of Mines and Geology, 2815 "O" Street, Sacramento, California 95816.
Present address: Electric Power Research Institute, P.O. Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303.
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