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SYSTEMS, SCIENCE AND SOFTWARE, P.O. BOX 1620, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 92038
Abstract
We use a finite difference method to study crack propagation in a three-dimensional continuum, for conditions of both uniform and nonuniform prestress. The rupture criterion employed satisfies two fundamental physical requirements: it ensures finite stresses in the continuum and finite energy dissipation in crack extension. The finite stress numerical simulations exhibit abrupt jumps in rupture velocity when sharp changes in prestress are encountered on the crack plane, behavior analogous to that predicted theoretically for two-dimensional, singular cracks. For uniform prestress conditions, the slip velocity function is approximately a low-pass filtered version of that of a singular, constant rupture velocity crack. For nonuniform prestress, spatial variations of peak slip velocity are strongly coupled to spatial variations of rupture velocity.
For uniform prestress and low cohesion, rupture velocity is predicted to exceed the S-wave velocity in directions for which mode II (inplane) crack motion dominates. A subshear rupture velocity is predicted for directions of predominantly mode III (antiplane) crack motion. Introduction of stress heterogeneities is sufficient, in each of the three cases studied, to reduce average rupture velocity to less than the S velocity, but local supershear rupture velocities can still occur in regions of high prestress. Rupture models with significant segments of supershear propagation velocities may be consistent with seismic data for some large earthquakes, even where average rupture velocity can be reliably determined to be subshear.
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R. A. Harris and S. M. Day Effects of a low-velocity zone on a dynamic rupture Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1997; 87(5): 1267 - 1280. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. Guatteri and M. Cocco On the variation of slip direction during earthquake rupture: Supporting and conflicting evidence from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1996; 86(6): 1935 - 1951. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. Mikumo and T. Miyatake Heterogeneous distribution of dynamic stress drop and relative fault strength recovered from the results of waveform inversion: the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1995; 85(1): 178 - 193. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. H. STEIDL, R. J. ARCHULETA, and S. H. HARTZELL Rupture history of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1991; 81(5): 1573 - 1602. [Abstract] [PDF]
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H. FUJIWARA and K. IRIKURA High-frequency seismic wave radiation from antiplane cohesive zone model and fmax as source effect Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1991; 81(4): 1115 - 1128. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. FRANKEL and L. WENNERBERG Rupture process of the Ms 6.6 Superstition Hills, California, earthquake determined from strong-motion recordings: Application of tomographic source inversion Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1989; 79(2): 515 - 541. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. TAKEO Rupture process of the 1980 Izu-Hanto-Toho-Oki earthquake deduced from strong motion seismograms Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1988; 78(3): 1074 - 1091. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. BRUSTLE and G. MULLER Stopping phases in seismograms and the spatiotemporal extent of earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1987; 77(1): 47 - 68. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. J. ANDREWS Dynamic plane-strain shear rupture with a slip-weakening friction law calculated by a boundary integral method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1985; 75(1): 1 - 21. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. SPUDICH and L. N. FRAZER Use of ray theory to calculate high-frequency radiation from earthquake sources having spatially variable rupture velocity and stress drop Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1984; 74(6): 2061 - 2082. [Abstract] [PDF]
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P. SPUDICH and E. CRANSWICK Direct observation of rupture propagation during the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake using a short baseline accelerometer array Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1984; 74(6): 2083 - 2114. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. B. JOYNER A scaling law for the spectra of large earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1984; 74(4): 1167 - 1188. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. MORI Short- and long-period subevents of the 4 February 1965 Rat Islands earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1984; 74(4): 1331 - 1347. [Abstract] [PDF]
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