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Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; October 1982; v. 72; no. 5; p. 1535-1550
© 1982 Seismological Society of America
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Crustal structure of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii, from seismic refraction and gravity data

JOHN J. ZUCCA, DAVID P. HILL and ROBERT L. KOVACH

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD, MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025
DEPARTMENT OF GEOPHYSICS STANFORD UNIVERSITY, STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305

Abstract

In October 1978, the U.S. Geological Survey established a 100-km-long seismic refraction profile normal to the Kona coast of Hawaii Island. Analysis of these data along with available gravity data suggest that the oceanic crust dips about 3° landward under the submerged flank of the island increasing to 8.5° under the Kona coast. Maximum vertical deflection of the base of crust from beneath the deep ocean to a point beneath the summit of Mauna Loa is about 9 km. High-velocity, high-density rocks (Vp about 7.1 km/sec, density about 2.9 gm/cm3) comprise the bulk of the volcanic edifice and reach to within a few kilometers of the surface beneath the north flank of Mauna Loa. The data also suggest that an elongate high-velocity, high-density body lies parallel to the Kona coast just below the surface; this body probably represents an extinct, buried rift zone.




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