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Seismic water waves in a storage tank

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, CHRISTCHURCH 1, New Zealand

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of inviscid fluid contained in horizontally accelerated cylindrical and rectangular tanks is considered. Mathematical equations describing the fluid motion are developed and simplified by use of small-amplitude wave approximations, enabling expressions for free-surface displacements, pressure distributions and resultant forces and moments on the tank to be obtained. The expressions are formulated in such a way that time-histories of salient parameters can be calculated for tanks subjected to real earthquake accelerograms. Comparisons of predicted and measured free-surface displacements of a model cylindrical water tank subjected to both sinusoidal and seismic accelerations on a shaking table indicate close agreement between theory and experiment. Finally, the solutions for seismic accelerations in one horizontal direction are generalized to include acceleration components in all three coordinate directions.