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Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; February 1978; v. 68; no. 1; p. 31-48
© 1978 Seismological Society of America
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Predictability of strong ground motion in the Imperial Valley: Modeling the M4.9, November 4, 1976 Brawley earthquake

THOMAS H. HEATON and DONALD V. HELMBERGER

DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91125

Abstract

Strong-motion displacements, recorded at 33 km (IVC) and 36 km (ELC) from the November 4, 1976 Brawley earthquake, are modeled using the Cagniard-deHoop technique. The IVC record consists almost entirely of transversely polarized motion, whereas the ELC record contains an approximately equal proportion of transversely and radially polarized motion. A simplified shear-wave velocity model was determined from the compressional wave refraction studies of Biehler, Kovach, and Allen (1964). The epicentral location and focal mechanism computed from P-wave first-arrival studies were used to locate and orient a double-couple point source within the layered half-space. The far-field time function and source depth were the only parameters without good independent constraints. A triangular far-field time function with a duration of 1.5 sec and a source depth of 7 km were sufficient to model the first 25 sec of tangential ground motion. It appears that the effects of velocity structure on the propagation of long-period SH waves are predictable in the Imperial Valley. A study of the synthetic Fourier amplitude spectra indicates that wave propagation effects should be included in studies of source spectra and seismic wave attenuation.




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