| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
OFFICE OF EARTHQUAKE STUDIES U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD, MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025
Abstract
Measurements of ground motion generated by nuclear explosions in Nevada have been completed for 99 locations in the San Francisco Bay region, California. The recordings show marked amplitude variations in the frequency band 0.25 to 3.0 Hz that are consistently related to the local geological conditions of the recording site. The average spectral amplifications observed for vertical and horizontal ground motions are, respectively: (1, 1) for granite, (1.5, 1.6) for the Franciscan Formation, (3.0, 2.7) for the Santa Clara Formation, (3.3, 4.4) for alluvium, and (3.7, 11.3) for bay mud. Spectral amplification curves define predominant ground frequencies in the band 0.25 to 3.0 E for bay mud sites and for some alluvial sites. Amplitude spectra computed from recordings of seismic background noise at 50 sites do not generally define predominant ground frequencies.
The intensities ascribed to various sites in the San Francisco Bay region for the California earthquake of April 18, 1906, are strongly dependent on distance from the zone of surface faulting and the geological character of the ground. Considering only those sites (approximately one square city block in size) for which there is good evidence for the degree of ascribed intensity, the intensities for 917 sites on Franciscan rocks generally decrease with the logarithm of distance as
 |
For sites on other geological units, intensity increments, derived from this empirical relation, correlate strongly with the Average Horizontal Spectral Amplifications (AHSA) according to the empirical relation
 |
Average intensity increments predicted for the various geological units are –0.3 for granite, 0.2 for the Franciscan Formation, 0.6 for the Great Valley sequence, 0.8 for the Santa Clara Formation, 1.3 for alluvium, and 2.4 for bay mud. The maximum intensity map predicted on the basis of these data delineates areas in the San Francisco Bay region of potentially high intensity for large earthquakes on either the San Andreas fault or the Hayward fault. The map provides a crude form of seismic zonation for the region and may be useful for certain general types of land-use zonation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. T. Aagaard, T. M. Brocher, D. Dolenc, D. Dreger, R. W. Graves, S. Harmsen, S. Hartzell, S. Larsen, K. McCandless, S. Nilsson, et al. Ground-Motion Modeling of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Part II: Ground-Motion Estimates for the 1906 Earthquake and Scenario Events Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2008; 98(2): 1012 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Assimaki, W. Li, J. H. Steidl, and K. Tsuda Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2008; 98(1): 301 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tsuda, R. J. Archuleta, and K. Koketsu Quantifying the Spatial Distribution of Site Response by Use of the Yokohama High-Density Strong-Motion Network Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2006; 96(3): 926 - 942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Site Response in Victoria, British Columbia, from Spectral Ratios and 1D Modeling Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 2004; 94(3): 1109 - 1124.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wave Propagation and Site Response in the Santa Clara Valley Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 2003; 93(1): 480 - 500.
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Frankel, D. Carver, E. Cranswick, M. Meremonte, T. Bice, and D. Overturf Site response for Seattle and source parameters of earthquakes in the Puget Sound Region Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1999; 89(2): 468 - 483. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Triantafyllidis, P. M. Hatzidimitriou, N. Theodulidis, P. Suhadolc, C. Papazachos, D. Raptakis, and K. Lontzetidis Site effects in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) estimated from acceleration data and 1D local soil profiles Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1999; 89(2): 521 - 537. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Bonilla, J. H. Steidl, G. T. Lindley, A. G. Tumarkin, and R. J. Archuleta Site amplification in the San Fernando Valley, California: Variability of site-effect estimation using the S-wave, coda, and H/V methods Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1997; 87(3): 710 - 730. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Lachet, D. Hatzfeld, P.-Y. Bard, N. Theodulidis, C. Papaioannou, and A. Savvaidis Site effects and microzonation in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) comparison of different approaches Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1996; 86(6): 1692 - 1703. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Carver and S. H. Hartzell Earthquake site response in Santa Cruz, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996; 86(1A): 55 - 65. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hartzell, A. Leeds, A. Frankel, and J. Michael Site response for urban Los Angeles using aftershocks of the Northridge earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1996; 86(1B): S168 - S192. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Fischer, L. A. Salvati, S. E. Hough, E. Gonzalez, C. E. Nelsen, and E. G. Roth Sediment-induced amplification in the Northeastern United States: A case study in Providence, Rhode Island Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1995; 85(5): 1388 - 1397. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. Field and K. H. Jacob A comparison and test of various site-response estimation techniques, including three that are not reference-site dependent Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1995; 85(4): 1127 - 1143. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Seekins and J. Boatwright Ground motion amplification, geology, and damage from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in the City of San Francisco Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1994; 84(1): 16 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Gibbs, D. M. Boore, W. B. Joyner, and T. E. Fumal The attenuation of seismic shear waves in quaternary alluvium in Santa Clara Valley, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1994; 84(1): 76 - 90. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. LERMO and F. J. CHAVEZ-GARCIA Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1993; 83(5): 1574 - 1594. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. WILLIAMS, K. W. KING, and J. C. TINSLEY Site response estimates in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from borehole seismic velocities Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1993; 83(3): 862 - 889. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. MOCZO and P.-Y. BARD Wave diffraction, amplification and differential motion near strong lateral discontinuities Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1993; 83(1): 85 - 106. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. FIELD, K. H. JACOB, and S. E. HOUGH Earthquake site response estimation: A weak-motion case study Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1992; 82(6): 2283 - 2307. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. HARTZELL Site response estimation from earthquake data Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1992; 82(6): 2308 - 2327. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. FRANKEL and J. VIDALE A three-dimensional simulation of seismic waves in the Santa Clara Valley, California, from a Loma Prieta aftershock Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1992; 82(5): 2045 - 2074. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. SU., K. AKI, T. TENG, Y. ZENG, S. KOYANAGI, and K. MAYEDA The relation between site amplification factor and surficial geology in central California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1992; 82(2): 580 - 602. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. BORCHERDT and G. GLASSMOYER On the characteristics of local geology and their influence on ground motions generated by the Loma Prieta earthquake in the San Francisco Bay region, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1992; 82(2): 603 - 641. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. CAMPBELL An empirical analysis of peak horizontal acceleration for the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 18 October 1989 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1991; 81(5): 1838 - 1858. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.-H. CHIN and K. AKI Simultaneous study of the source, path, and site effects on strong ground motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: A preliminary result on pervasive nonlinear site effects Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1991; 81(5): 1859 - 1884. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. FRANKEL, S. HOUGH, P. FRIBERG, and R. BUSBY Observations of Loma Prieta aftershocks from a dense array in Sunnyvale, California Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1991; 81(5): 1900 - 1922. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. MCGARR, M. CELEBI, E. SEMBERA, T. NOCE, and C. MUELLER Ground motion at the San Francisco international airport from the Loma Prieta earthquake sequence, 1989 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1991; 81(5): 1923 - 1944. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. KING, A. C. TARR, D. L. CARVER, R. A. WILLIAMS, and D. M. WORLEY Seismic ground-response studies in Olympia, Washington, and vicinity Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1990; 80(5): 1057 - 1078. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. J. CHAVEZ-GARCIA, G. PEDOTTI, D. HATZFELD, and P.-Y. BARD An experimental study of site effects near Thessaloniki (northern Greece) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1990; 80(4): 784 - 806. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. GLASSMOYER and R. D. BORCHERDT Source parameters and effects of bandwidth and local geology on high-frequency ground motions observed for aftershocks of the northeastern Ohio earthquake of 31 January 1986 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1990; 80(4): 889 - 912. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. ROGERS, R. D. BORCHERDT, P. A. COVINGTON, and D. M. PERKINS A comparative ground response study near Los Angeles using recordings of Nevada nuclear tests and the 1971 San Fernando earthquake Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1984; 74(5): 1925 - 1949. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B. JOYNER, R. E. WARRICK, and T. E. FUMAL The effect of quaternary alluvium on strong ground motion in the Coyote Lake, California, earthquake of 1979 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1981; 71(4): 1333 - 1349. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. R. SHIFFLETT Comments on "Evaluation of the relation between near-surface geological units and ground response in the vicinity of Long Beach, California," by A. M. Rogers, J. C. Tinsley, W. W. Hays, and K. W. King Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1981; 71(2): 567 - 570. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. W. GRIFFITHS and G. A. BOLLINGER The effect of Appalachian Mountain topography on seismic waves Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1979; 69(4): 1081 - 1105. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. HERRMANN, G. W. FISCHER, and J. E. ZOLLWEG The June 13, 1975 earthquake and its relationship to the New Madrid seismic zone Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1977; 67(1): 209 - 218. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
