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A shallow-faulting model

EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM LABORATORY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

Abstract

Particle motion was examined along the surface trace of a kinematic faulting model in which rupture starts at a point at a shallow depth and spreads with a circular front along a vertical fault plane. The center may either be fixed in position or move in prescribed paths as the radius expands at a constant rate. The offset is a cosine function of a constant shape of the radius. It was found that when rupture is free to spread in all directions along the fault plane, the displacement-time curves are approximately finite ramps. When rupture propagation is hindered in some direction, the displacement curves near the point of hindrance have an abrupt beginning followed by a gradual approach to final value. The apparent rupture along the surface trace shows an initial speed much higher than the actual rupture speed. Kinks are introduced in some displacement curves when the mode of propagation is suddenly changed.