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Travel-time errors in the laterally inhomogeneous earth

INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO, MEXICO 20, D.F.

Abstract

Travel times from earthquakes or explosions contain both positive and negative systematic errors. Positive skews in travel-time residuals due to epicenter mislocation, and negative skews due to lateral inhomogeneity in the Earth, are analyzed. Methods for travel-time estimation are critically reviewed. Recent travel-time tables, including the J-B tables, are within the range of root-mean-square travel-time fluctuations; the J-B tables are systematically late but cannot be reliably improved by least-square methods. Effects of lateral inhomogeneity at teleseismic distances can be estimated by chronoidal methods independently of standard tables, but the available explosion data are insufficiently well-distributed in azimuth and distance for this purpose.

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