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Crustal deformation by earthquakes and explosions

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS THE WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, REHOVOT, Israel

Abstract

Static displacements were calculated for an earth model which consists of a single layer of thickness H overlying a homogeneous half space. Localized sources simulating earthquake and explosion foci are placed at depths . The ensuing surface deformation is evaluated as a function of the epicentral distance for a typical continental crust model.

A new technique is used for the quadrature of the displacement integrals. By this method one is able to calculate 1000 layer-integrals of the type

with an accuracy of 0.1 per cent, in less than 2 minutes.

It is found that for epicentral distances r > 20H the displacements decay like (r/H)^– where 2 < < 5. For compressional and strike-slip displacements at all depths and for dip-slip source above the layer, 2 < < 3. For a dip-slip source located below the layer, 3 < < 5. Maximal displacements for w_r, u_r, u_x, u_y and u_z occur at approximately r 0.8h and decay with source's-depth like h^–3/2.

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