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LAMONT GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, PALISADES, NEW YORK
Abstract
Careful measurements of phase velocities in the Canadian shield have been made in the period range 3 to 90 sec for Rayleigh waves and 12 to 60 sec for Love waves by phase correlation of wave trains. The continental Love wave phase velocity data are the first to be reported in the literature. The phase and group velocities are higher than yet found in any other continental area, indicating relatively higher shear velocities in the crust and upper mantle. For paths in the Canadian shield a prominent Lg arrival with a velocity of about 3.65 km/sec is observed and an Sn arrival is recorded clearly to distances of about 4000 km with a velocity of about 4.72 km/sec.
A theoretical layered model of the crust and upper mantle consistent with the various types of data has been derived by an inversion method employing least-squares curve-fitting of phase velocity data. This model has a three-layered crust 35.2 km thick with shear velocity increasing to about 3.85 km/sec in the lower crust. The upper mantle has a high speed layer with shear velocity 4.72 km/sec down to about 115 km below which the low velocity channel has a shear velocity of about 4.5 km/sec down to a depth of about 315 km. At greater depths the shear velocity closely follows the Gutenberg model.
Higher mode phase velocity dispersion curves computed from the theoretical model are used for computing theoretical seismograms for the Canadian shield. These theoretical seismograms possess many of the features of the observed Lg arrivals, showing that Lg can be explained by normal mode wave propagation in a simple, layered crust.
This paper shows that new methods of measuring and interpreting surface wave dispersion, combined with travel time data, can provide detailed and reliable information on shear wave velocity distribution down to depths of a few hundred kilometers in regions of horizontally uniform structure.
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J. CL. DE BREMAECKER Body waves as normal and leaking modes. Part I: Introduction Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1967; 57(2): 191 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
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I. NOPONEN Surface wave phase velocities in Finland Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1966; 56(5): 1093 - 1104. [Abstract] [PDF]
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V. G. GABRIEL and J. T. KUO High Rayleigh wave phase velocities for the New Delhi, India-Lahore, Pakistan profile Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1966; 56(5): 1137 - 1145. [Abstract] [PDF]
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D. S. CARDER, D. W. GORDON, and J. N. JORDAN Analysis of surface-foci travel times Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1966; 56(4): 815 - 840. [Abstract] [PDF]
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S. S. SU and J. DORMAN The use of leaking modes in seismogram interpretation and in studies of crust-mantle structure Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1965; 55(6): 989 - 1021. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. CHANDER and J. N. BRUNE Radiation pattern of mantle Rayleigh waves and the source mechanism of the Hindu Kush earthquake of July 6, 1962 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1965; 55(5): 805 - 819. [Abstract] [PDF]
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G. PAYO Iberian Peninsula crustal structure from surface waves dispersion Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1965; 55(4): 727 - 743. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. DOWLING and O. NUTTLI Travel-time curves for a low-velocity channel in the upper mantle Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1964; 54(6A): 1981 - 1996. [Abstract] [PDF]
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T. V. MCEVILLY Central U.S. crust--Upper mantle structure from Love and Rayleigh wave phase velocity inversion Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1964; 54(6A): 1997 - 2015. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. N. BRUNE Travel times, body waves, and normal modes of the earth Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1964; 54(6A): 2099 - 2128. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. TRYGGVASON Arrival times of P waves and upper mantle structure Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1964; 54(2): 727 - 736. [Abstract] [PDF]
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I. LEHMANN On the travel times of P as determined from nuclear explosions Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1964; 54(1): 123 - 139. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. L. KOVACH and D. L. ANDERSON Higher mode surface waves and their bearing on the structure of the earth's mantle Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1964; 54(1): 161 - 182. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. W. MAJOR, G. H. SUTTON, J. OLIVER, and R. METSGER On elastic strain of the earth in the period range 5 seconds to 100 hours Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1964; 54(1): 295 - 346. [Abstract] [PDF]
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W. STAUDER and G. BOLLINGER Pn velocity and other seismic studies from the data of recent southeast Missouri earthquakes Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1963; 53(3): 661 - 679. [Abstract] [PDF]
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