| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
LAMONT GEOLOGICAL OBERVATORY (COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY),, PALISADES, N.Y.
Abstract
When the path between epicenter and station traverses only continental structure, the dispersion of the entire train of directly arriving seismic surface waves can be explained as the result of normal mode propagation in a crust-mantle system in which the velocity increases in some manner with depth within the crust. At least four modes, the Rayleigh mode, Sezawa's M2 mode, and the first two Love waves, may appear prominently on the seismogram. The characteristics of the higher-mode dispersion curves permit the explanation of the Lg phase of Press and Ewing, Båth's Lg1 and Lg2, and, in some cases, Caloi's Sa without recourse to a low-velocity layer in the crust or mantle. Speculation on changes in these curves for less simplified models indicates that the remaining cases of Sa as well as Leet's C or coupled wave may be explained by classical theory.
The occurrence of the higher-mode waves is widespread; they are found on the four continents for which data are available.
Higher-mode data, particularly when combined with information from the fundamental modes, make surface-wave dispersion, previously a useful tool, a much more potent method for the study of crustal structure.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. R. Leidig, D. T. Reiter, J. L. Bonner, and A. J. Rodgers Jr. Applicability of 3D Modeling Techniques in Creating Single-Station Locations: A Test Case in Southern Asia Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 2004; 94(2): 753 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ben-Menahem A concise history of mainstream seismology: Origins, legacy, and perspectives Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1995; 85(4): 1202 - 1225. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-B. OU and R. B. HERRMANN A statistical model for ground motion produced by earthquakes at local and regional distances Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1990; 80(6A): 1397 - 1417. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. CAMPILLO, M. BOUCHON, and B. MASSINON Theoretical study of the excitation, spectral characteristics, and geometrical attenuation of regional seismic phases Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1984; 74(1): 79 - 90. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. CARA and J. B. MINSTER Multi-mode analysis of Rayleigh-type Lg. Part 1. Theory and applicability of the method Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1981; 71(4): 973 - 984. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. N. GUPTA, B. W. BARKER, J. A. BURNETTI, and Z. A. DER A study of regional phases from earthquakes and explosions in Western Russia Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, June 1, 1980; 70(3): 851 - 872. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. BOLLINGER Attenuation of the Lg phase and the determination of mb in the southeastern United States Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1979; 69(1): 45 - 63. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. STEPHENS and B. L. ISACKS Toward an understanding of Sn: Normal modes of love waves in an oceanic structure Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1977; 67(1): 69 - 78. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. SCHWAB and L. KNOPOFF Surface waves on multilayered anelastic media Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1971; 61(4): 893 - 912. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. G. BAKER Determining magnitude from Lg Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December 1, 1970; 60(6): 1907 - 1919. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. GUMPER and P. W. POMEROY Seismic wave velocities and earth structure on the African continent Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 1, 1970; 60(2): 651 - 668. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. BLOCH, A. L. HALES, and M. LANDISMAN Velocities in the crust and upper mantle of southern Africa from multi-mode surface wave dispersion Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1969; 59(4): 1599 - 1629. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. DOUZE Short-period seismic noise Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1967; 57(1): 55 - 81. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. MOONEY and B. A. BOLT Dispersive characteristics of the first three Rayleigh modes for a single surface layer Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1966; 56(1): 43 - 67. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. DOUZE Rayleigh waves in short-period seismic noise Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, August 1, 1964; 54(4): 1197 - 1212. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. KOVACH and D. L. ANDERSON Higher mode surface waves and their bearing on the structure of the earth's mantle Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1964; 54(1): 161 - 182. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. MAJOR, G. H. SUTTON, J. OLIVER, and R. METSGER On elastic strain of the earth in the period range 5 seconds to 100 hours Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, February 1, 1964; 54(1): 295 - 346. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. BRUNE and J. DORMAN Seismic waves and earth structure in the Canadian shield Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, January 1, 1963; 53(1): 167 - 209. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. OLIVER A summary of observed seismic surface wave dispersion Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, January 1, 1962; 52(1): 81 - 86. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. OLIVER On the long period character of shear waves Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, January 1, 1961; 51(1): 1 - 12. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. OLIVER and M. EWING The effect of surficial sedimentary layers on continental surface waves Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, October 1, 1958; 48(4): 339 - 354. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
